The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has officially confirmed the withdrawal of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger from the regional bloc, marking the completion of their exit process.

In a statement on Wednesday, ECOWAS announced that the withdrawal of the three junta-led states became effective on January 29, 2025.

“The withdrawal of Burkina Faso, the Republic of Mali, and the Republic of Niger has become effective today, 29th January 2025,” the statement read.

The decision follows the three countries’ joint announcement in January 2024 to leave ECOWAS after the bloc imposed sanctions and demanded a return to democratic rule in Niger following a 2023 military coup.

Sahel States Form Alternative Bloc

Rather than complying with ECOWAS directives, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger chose to form their own regional alliance, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). The bloc has since introduced its own biometric passports and is pursuing closer military and economic ties among its members.

ECOWAS Maintains Diplomatic Channels

Despite their formal withdrawal, ECOWAS said its remaining members have tentatively agreed to maintain some level of cooperation with the departing states.

These include:

• Recognizing national passports and identity documents bearing the ECOWAS logo

• Allowing continued trade under existing regional agreements

• Maintaining diplomatic relations

In December 2024, ECOWAS had given the three nations a six-month grace period to reconsider their decision, but the withdrawal has now been finalized.

“These arrangements will be in place until the full determination of the modalities of our future engagement with the three countries by the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government,” the statement added.

The exit of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger marks a significant shift in regional dynamics, as ECOWAS grapples with the impact of military takeovers and political instability in West Africa.